She said the event provides the opportunity to recognise and reward people in the community who are acting to increase and protect local biodiversity, catchment health and demonstrate sustainable agriculture. They are doing great things for our community and we should all be very grateful for their time and commitment to our environment. News Council looking at options to make carparking safer. Crime It was what the plant was made out of that was of concern. News The gym explained to patrons it was taking all safety precautions.

Health After a deep clean, and despite a confirmed case of community transmission, tourists flocked to the premise to enjoy lunch. Crime Mikayla Noakes sentenced for involvement in drug syndicate. News The new case attended one of the same venues as infected hen's party. PLoS One. Published online Dec Gwendolyn L. Michael G. Michael P. Christian Vincenot, Editor. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. The commercial and professional affiliations of these authors do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

All other authors have no competing interests to declare. Received Sep 24; Accepted Dec This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Methods We convened three community juries two regional; one metropolitan to elicit the views of well-informed citizens on the acceptability of adding ecological approaches to current interventions for HeV risk.

Results All juries voted unanimously that ecological strategies should be included in HeV risk management strategies but concluded that current interventions—including vaccination and changing horse-husbandry practices—must remain the priority. Conclusions Informed citizens acknowledge the value of addressing the drivers of bat-borne infectious risks but differ substantially as to the best implementation strategies. Introduction Hendra virus HeV infection is endemic in Australian flying-fox populations. Community juries are a deliberative method, with these general characteristics: A group of citizens is convened for 1—3 days; They are asked to consider a specific issue; They hear sometimes opposing evidence from experts, and are given an opportunity to ask them questions; They are given time for deliberation, and to come to a conclusion, which is documented.

Participants and recruitment We contracted an independent professional research service to recruit the jury participants, who lived in each of the study sites, from randomly generated list-based samples, based on representative socio-demographic characteristics including gender and age using random-digit-dialling. Table 1 Characteristics of jury participants. Open in a separate window. Fig 1. Fig 2. Procedures Each jury commenced with an orientation session to introduce the process, the questions for consideration and obtain consent.

Fig 3.

Data collection and analysis The three deliberative groups juries are the units of analysis in this study. Results The juries in all three settings reported an unanimous verdict, namely that ecological strategies should be part of the approach taken to mitigate the risk of HeV spillovers in Australia. Fig 4. Table 2 The final rankings of each jury for different approaches.

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Discussion Recent research on the influence of flying-fox ecology and population dynamics on HeV spillovers suggests the possibility of landscape management as an effective public health intervention against this zoonotic risk [ 27 , 28 , 30 ]. Strengths and limitations Community juries are a deliberative method that involves a process of iterative two-way exchange of information between members of the public and experts.

Conclusions Habitat sparing and wildlife-friendly farming have been proposed as measures that could promote ecological benefits for agricultural landscapes [ 43 ]. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the contribution of the 31 members of the public who took part in the community juries as well as Dr Peter Reid, Dr Ina Smith and Prof Christopher Broder who had input into the evidence presented to the juries EA. Data Availability All relevant data are in the paper. References 1.

Hendra virus: an emerging paramyxovirus in Australia. Lancet Infectious Disease. Hendra virus infection dynamics in Australian fruit bats. PloS One. Routes of Hendra virus excretion in naturally-infected flying-foxes: implications for viral transmission and spillover risk. Field HE. Hendra virus ecology and transmission.

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Australian Veterinary Journal. A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans. Hendra virus infection in dog, Australia, Broder CC. Henipavirus outbreaks to antivirals: the current status of potential therapeutics. Hendra virus and Nipah virus animal vaccines. Wilson SJ, Ward M. Intangible and economic impacts of Hendra virus prevention strategies.

Zoonoses and Public health. One Health in NSW: coordination of human an animal sector management of zoonoses of public health significance. Degeling C, Kerridge I. Hendra in the news: Public policy meets public morality in times of zoonotic uncertainty. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Management of the slowly emerging zoonosis, Hendra virus, by private veterinarians in Queensland, Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Veterinary Research. Testing for Hendra virus: difficulties experienced by veterinarians in Queensland prior to Emerging Infectious Disease ; 20 3 —9.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. Investigation of the effect of Equivac HeV Hendra virus vaccination on Thoroughbred racing performance. Unexpected result of Hendra virus outbreaks for veterinarians, Queensland, Australia. Biological Reviews. Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Evans MC. Deforestation in Australia: drivers, trends and policy responses. Pacific Conservation Biology. Environmental drivers of spatiotemporal foraging intensity in fruit bats and implications for Hendra virus ecology. Scientific Reports. The impact of human population pressure on flying fox niches and the potential consequences for Hendra virus spillover. Reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for Hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes Pteropus scapulatus.

Changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses.

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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ; Ecological dynamics of emerging bat virus spillover. Spatial and temporal patterns of land clearing during policy change.

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Land Use Policy. Bradshaw CJ. Little left to lose: deforestation and forest degradation in Australia since European colonization. Journal of Plant Ecology. Thiriet D. Flying fox conservation laws, policies and practices in Australia-a case study in conserving unpopular species. West C. Long-distance and frequent movements of the flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus: implications for management.

Urban habituation, ecological connectivity and epidemic dampening: the emergence of Hendra virus from flying foxes Pteropus spp. Flying-foxes in the Australian urban environment—community attitudes and opinions. One Health. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. The relationship between physiological stress and wildlife disease: consequences for health and conservation. Wildlife Research. Vincenot C, Petit S. Australia too casual with protection law. Moon K, Cocklin C. Participation in biodiversity conservation: Motivations and barriers of Australian landholders.

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Journal of Rural Studies. Public policy, private landholders: Perspectives on policy mechanisms for sustainable land management. Journal of Environmental Management. Moon K. Conditional and resistant non-participation in market-based land management programs in Queensland, Australia. Decentralisation and environmental management in Australia: a comment on the prescriptions of the Wentworth Group.

Australian Geographical Studies. Roth RJ, Dressler W. Market-oriented conservation governance: the particularities of place. What is public deliberation. Hastings Center Report.