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As technology increases and trading innovation continues, the world is seeing an expansion in the types of trading instruments that can be used. Even seemingly separate markets are attempting to steal each other's market share. For example, a person no longer needs to buy gold physically or even from a futures contract , they can simply buy an exchange traded fund ETF to participate in the movement of gold prices. Considering that similar scenarios are possible with currencies, commodities, stocks and other investments, traders can fine tune how they trade and tailor it more to their individual circumstances.

Markets, Markets, Markets Depending on education and experience, a person may not even be totally aware of the investments or trading vehicles that are accessible with a click of the mouse. Even while avoiding abstract and illiquid markets, traders can find trades within many different markets:. ETF Market : Funds representing all sorts of sectors, industries, currencies and commodities.

Trading similar to stocks, these funds can be bought and sold rapidly or held long term. Forex Market : The largest market in the world. The forex market facilitates the exchange of one currency for another currency. Currencies are always traded in pairs, with many potential combinations available, but only some of which are very liquid.

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Options Market : A market which allows participants to undertake positions in the derivative of an asset. Therefore, the option is not ownership of an underlying asset though rights and obligations exist , but the option price along with other inputs fluctuates with the value or lack of that the underlying asset is providing. Contract for Difference CFD : A hybrid of the stock, forex and options market that allows participants to place trades in a derivative product based on an underlying asset.

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While there are other markets, these markets are all now easily accessible from home to just about anyone with an internet connection. Each market offers different advantages and disadvantages. Because of this many traders may decide to trade only one market because they feel it suits one aspect of their life or they lack knowledge of available markets.

This could mean that traders are not taking advantage of the correct market given their trading style. Which Markets to Trade? The style of trading employed, financial resources, location and what time of day a person trades or wants to trade , can all play a role in which markets will be best suited to the individual. Since some of these markets may not be familiar we will look at two common trader groups and how they could implement the use of other markets to improve their trading.

It is important to be aware of such alternatives, as they may provide for some fine tuning which can result in better results over the long run. Alternative Markets For Day Traders Since there has been a steady increase in the amount of turnover in the foreign exchange markets. This has meant an increase in the number of day traders opening accounts with forex and CFD brokers, which have also increased in number. The main lure is that minimal investment is required. With the forex market the trader is actually exchanging one currency for another, possibly in an account denominated in yet another currency.

But there are alternatives if one wants to trade forex or CFDs, which can encompass just about every other market. Check out Day Trading Strategies for beginners to learn about some common strategies. Exchange traded funds now allow traders to partake in the currency moves by making trades on the stock exchange. Also, with an ETF, a trader is not required to pay the spread. Instead, they can sit on the bid or offer providing liquidity and thus collecting ECN rebates offsetting commissions, or providing additional profit.

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This is very advantageous in currency pairs with limited movement, or when the trader wishes to implement a scalping strategy. ETFs also allow a trader to partake in other markets such as the movement of oil gold, silver or stock indexes; traders can move out of the CFD market and begin trading ETFs as well, providing them with a greater range of products. Different instruments can be used to hedge or take advantage of disconnects in price such as a currency pair moving without the corresponding ETF moving or vice versa. Alternative Markets For Long Term Investors Commodities often attract long term investors, yet they may be unfamiliar with futures markets and so they have not participated directly in the movements of commodities such as gold, silver or platinum.

Also, it is unlikely they have different currency exposure. And while they may have considered options trading, the time-framed nature of the instrument does not appeal to their trading plan. Colombia Stock Exchange. Hereinafter BVC, for its acronym in Spanish.. These results are consistent with those of Allayannis et al. It is worth noting that the results of the estimators are not very different with regard to both magnitude and the sign of the coefficients in both models random and fixed effects ; however, the random effects model manages to capture other impacts like the ones related to the use of derivatives and the EBTIDA margin, therefore, the analysis will focus on its results..

ISSN: Financial hedging with derivatives and its impact on the Colombian market value for listed companies. Coberturas financieras con derivados y su incidencia en el valor de mercado en empresas colombianas que cotizan en Bolsa. Descargar PDF. Under a Creative Commons license. Table 1. Description of the independent variables.. Table 2. General descriptive statistics of the sample..

Table 3. Model with all the companies a , companies from the industrial sector b , and companies from the agricultural, construction, and services sectors c.. Additionally, mixed results were found in relation to the variables analyzed in the model. Financial hedging. JEL classification:. Palabras clave:. Coberturas financieras.

Texto completo. Introduction The dynamics of the contemporary economy, of modern commerce, and of the development of financial markets bring along high volatilities that demand a greater speed of adaptation and administrative capacity by modern managers. Theoretical framework Modern financial administration has started to acknowledge the importance of financial risk management within its corporate strategies, and has included them within its hedging, understanding that good corporate results are associated with it. Characterization of the dependent variables The structure of the database is the panel type and links the following as independent variables: company size, leverage, operational income, total sales, foreign sales, growth of the investment, geographical diversification, use of derivatives, and dividend payment.

Name Mnemonic Description Unit of measure Size Generally, big companies are more prone to the use of derivatives than small companies, nevertheless, there is ambiguous evidence on the influence of size on the q, as a company with high growth expectations can present a greater q than those that have high maturity. Measures the relation between total liabilities and total assets. Previous literature indicates that the leverage relation can have either a positive or negative impact. Measures the relation between long-term debt and total assets. Relation between the non-current liability and the total assets.

Measures the availability of resources that the total sales assign to the growth of the company through fixed assets, which is associated with future growth opportunities that contribute with a greater value to the company. Relation between net fixed assets and total sales. Measures the availability of resources that the total sales assign to the growth of the company through intangible assets, which is associated with investment activities in research and development, and in turn with growth opportunities in the future that contribute with a greater value to the company.

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Measures the market value of the property through the price of the outstanding shares to the cut-off date of each period. If a company increases its participation in foreign markets, then the probability of growth increases, but in turn, these international trade activities entail operations with foreign currency, which expose the financial stability of companies to market risks, hence the need for hedges. Therefore, it is expected that those companies, exposed to exchange rate risks and that use derivatives for hedging strategies, increase their market value.

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Dummy variable that identifies whether the company is exposed to exchange rate risks or not. Dummy variable that takes the value of one 1 if the company utilizes derivatives and zero 0 otherwise. It is expected that companies that carry out operations with derivatives as a hedging strategy, create a greater value through the mitigation of the risks associated with the financial and operative processes and the decrease in volatility of the financial results.

The use of dividends can generate adverse effects for the increase of value of the company.